Ohio Governor Mike DeWine has signed an executive order authorizing the Ohio Board of Pharmacy to immediately classify nine synthetic opioids as Schedule I controlled substances, effectively banning their sale and use in the state.

These nine synthetic opioids are known as nitazenes. Initially developed decades ago as potential alternatives for morphine that were never approved for medical use, new nitazene compounds are increasingly being found in the illicit drug supply in Ohio.

These nitazenes are often more potent than other Schedule I opioids like heroin or fentanyl and present an elevated risk of negative outcomes caused by unintentional drug poisonings, including death.

“These are extremely dangerous substances being designed by clandestine chemists in an attempt to skirt the law while keeping them highly addictive,” said Governor DeWine.

“My administration is doing everything in our power to rapidly detect and schedule these types of compounds to ensure that law enforcement has the tools they need to prosecute those who make and sell these potentially lethal substances to the fullest extent of the law.”

The emergency order was prompted by intelligence gathered as part of an early detection process developed by the Ohio Narcotics Intelligence Center (ONIC), in partnership with RecoveryOhio, the Ohio Board of Pharmacy, and a network of forensic toxicologists and chemists known as the Emerging Drug Scientific Working Group (EDSWG). The early detection process, which includes the proactive collection of reports from Ohio’s criminal justice system and forensic labs, allows ONIC to identify, analyze, and triage information on emerging drugs that are not controlled substances.

Frequently mixed with other controlled substances, including other opioids such as already scheduled nitazenes or fentanyl and stimulants such as cocaine or methamphetamine, each of these nine nitazene compounds have been identified by Ohio crime labs, confirming their presence in the state. Further evidence from the dark web compiled by ONIC demonstrates the availability and interest in nitazene compounds for illicit use.

Nitazene compounds are becoming increasingly involved in overdose deaths in Ohio. As recently as 2020, just three overdose deaths involving nitazene compounds were confirmed and reported to the Ohio Department of Health (ODH).

However, a significant jump occurred in 2021 and 2022, which saw an average of 57 such deaths per year. Although 2023 data is not yet complete, ODH has recorded 77 nitazene-involved overdose deaths for the year – and this number only represents confirmed cases. Due to under reporting, the true number of overdose deaths involving nitazene compounds is expected to be much higher.

The banned drugs include:
1. N-Pyrrolidino metonitazene (2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-nitro-1-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)-
1H-benzo[d]imidazole, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate);
2. N-Pyrrolidino protonitazene (5-nitro-2-(4-propoxybenzyl)-1-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)-
1H-benzo[d]imidazole);
3. Ethyleneoxynitazene (2-(2-((2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)methyl)-5-nitro-1H-
benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-N,N-diethylethan-1-amine, 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-
tricarboxylic acid);
4. N-Desethyl isotonitazene (N-(2-(3-ethyl-2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-5-nitrophenyl)-2-(4-
isopropoxyphenyl)acetamide);
5. 5-Methyl etodesnitazene (2-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-N,N-diethyl-5-methyl-1H-
benzimidazole-1-ethanamine, 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid);
6. 3’, 4’-Methylenedioxynitazene (2-(2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-5-nitro-1H-
benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-N,N-diethylethan-1-amine);
7. N-Pyrrolidino Isotonitazene (2-(4-isopropoxybenzyl)-5-nitro-1-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-
yl)ethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate);
8. Ethylene etonitazene (2-(2-(4-ethoxyphenethyl)-5-nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-
N,N-diethylethan-1-amine, 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid); and
9. N-Desethyl etonitazene (2-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-ethyl-5-nitro-1H-
benzimidazole-1-ethanamine).

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